Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women and poses a serious threat to women’s health. Research shows that around 90% of cervical cancer cases are linked to infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), a virus so common that approximately 80% of women will contract it at least once in their lifetime.

Who Is More Susceptible to HPV Infection?

1. Sexually active individuals: Women with multiple sexual partners, those who don’t use protection, or those who begin sexual activity at a young age have a higher risk of HPV infection.

2. People with weakened immune systems: Those taking long-term immunosuppressants, or who have conditions like HIV or diabetes, may struggle to eliminate the virus.

3. Smokers: Smoking harms not only the lungs but also cervical cells, weakening local immune defenses and increasing susceptibility to HPV.

4. Long-term oral contraceptive users: Studies have shown a potential link between prolonged use of birth control pills and increased HPV infection risk.

5. Women with multiple births: Repeated childbirth may cause cervical trauma, making it easier for HPV to infect cervical tissue.

Key Facts About the HPV Vaccine:

1. Safety and effectiveness: The available HPV vaccines (bivalent, quadrivalent, and 9-valent) can prevent 70–90% of cervical cancer cases. Protection can last over 10 years after vaccination.

2. Best age for vaccination: The World Health Organization recommends vaccination between ages 9 and 14, when the immune system responds best and most individuals haven’t begun sexual activity. However, vaccination is still effective up to age 26, and the 9-valent vaccine is now approved for women up to age 45.

3. Screening is still necessary after vaccination: While the vaccine protects against most high-risk HPV types, it doesn’t cover all of them—so regular cervical cancer screening remains essential.

Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines:

Ages 21–29: Pap test (cytology) every 3 years.

Ages 30–65: Between ages 30 and 65, women should either do a combined Pap and HPV test every 5 years or a Pap test alone every 3 years.

Age 65 and older: Screening may stop if previous results have been consistently normal.

How to Prevent HPV Infection:

1. Limit sexual partners: Reducing the number of sexual partners lowers the risk of HPV infection.

2. Use condoms: Although not 100% effective against HPV, condoms can significantly reduce transmission risk.

3. Boost your immune system: Maintain a healthy immune system with a regular sleep schedule, a balanced diet, and moderate exercise.

4. Practice good personal hygiene: Avoid sharing towels or personal items that could spread infection.

5. Get regular gynecological exams: Even in the absence of symptoms, routine checkups can detect potential problems early.

What to Know Before and After HPV Vaccination?

1. Recommended ages: The ideal age is 9–14, but the vaccine is also effective up to age 26. Women under 45 can also benefit from the 9-valent vaccine.

2. Dosing schedule: Those under 15 require 2 doses. If you're 15 or older, you'll need three shots—one now, another in 1–2 months, and a third at 6 months.

3. Post-vaccine care: After getting the vaccine, it’s normal to have some pain or redness where the shot was given, and you might feel a bit feverish or get a mild headache. These usually subside in 2–3 days. The vaccine is not recommended during pregnancy, but if you become pregnant after starting the series, there’s no need to terminate.

Screening and Vaccination Work Best Together:

Combined HPV and Pap screening has over 95% accuracy, so women should continue to get screened every 3 years, even after vaccination.

Maintaining strong immunity, a healthy lifestyle, and consistent medical checkups are all essential parts of safeguarding cervical health.

Conclusion

Preventing cervical cancer goes beyond just getting vaccinated. Regular screening and healthy habits are just as important. With scientifically guided screening, timely vaccination, and a proactive approach to health, women can significantly reduce their risk of cervical cancer. Protect yourself—starting today.